discovered how to make visual reports without syntax.

     It was in 1839 that William Henry Fox Talbot read a paper 
to the Royal Society which had as title: “Some account of the 
Art of Photogenic Drawing, or the process by which Natural 
Objects may be made to delineate themselves without the aid 
of the artist’s pencil.” He was quite aware of photography as a 
kind of automation that eliminated the syntactical procedures 
of pen and pencil. He was probably less aware that he had 
brought the pictorial world into line with the new industrial 
procedures. For photography mirrored the external world 
automatically, yielding an exactly repeatable visual image. It 
was this all-important quality of uniformity and repeatability 
that had made the Gutenberg break between the Middle Ages 
and the Renaissance. Photography was almost as decisive in 
making the break between mere mechanical industrialism and